fswatch – Track File and Directory Changes in Linux

fswatch is a cross-platform, file change monitor that gets notification alerts when the contents of the specified files or directories are altered or modified.

It executes four types of monitors on different operating systems such as:

A monitor built on the File System Events API of Apple OS X.
A monitor based on kqueue, a notification interface present in FreeBSD 4.1 also supported on many *BSD systems, OS X inclusive.
A monitor based on File Events Notification API of the Solaris kernel plus its spin-offs.
A monitor based on inotify, a kernel subsystem that shows file system modifications to apps.
A monitor based on ReadDirectoryChangesW, a Windows API that records alters to a directory.
A monitor that regularly checks the status of the file system, keeps file modification times in memory and manually determines file system changes (which works anywhere, where stat can be used).

Features of fswatch

Supports several OS-specific APIs
Allows recursive directory monitoring
Performs path filtering using including and excluding regular expressions
Supports customizable record format
Additionally, it supports periodic idle events

How To Install fswatch in Linux Systems

To install fswatch on Linux, use the following appropriate command for your specific Linux distribution.

sudo apt install fswatch         [On Debian, Ubuntu and Mint]
sudo yum install fswatch         [On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora and Rocky/AlmaLinux]
sudo emerge -a sys-apps/fswatch  [On Gentoo Linux]
sudo apk add fswatch             [On Alpine Linux]
sudo pacman -S fswatch           [On Arch Linux]
sudo zypper install fswatch      [On OpenSUSE]    
sudo pkg install fswatch         [On FreeBSD]

If fswatch is not available to install from the default system repositories, you can build from the source as shown in the following installation instructions.

First, clone the latest fswatch git repository using the following git command and install it as shown:

git clone https://github.com/emcrisostomo/fswatch.git
cd fswatch
./autogen.sh
./configure
make
sudo make install

Important: Make sure you’ve GNU GCC (C and C++ Compiler) and Development Tools (build-essential on Debian/Ubuntu) installed on the system, before you compile fswatch from source.

If not, install it using the following command on your respective Linux distributions.

sudo dnf group install 'Development Tools'    [On <strong>RHEL/CentOS/Fedora</strong> and <strong>Rocky/AlmaLinux</strong>]
sudo apt-get install build-essential          [On <strong>Debian, Ubuntu and Mint</strong>]

On Debian/Ubuntu distributions, you might get the following error while executing fswatch command.

fswatch: error while loading shared libraries: libfswatch.so.13: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

To fix it, you need to execute the command below, this will help refresh the links and cache to the dynamic libraries before you can start using fswatch.

sudo ldconfig

How to Use fswatch to Monitor File Changes on Linux

The general syntax for running fswatch is:

fswatch [option] [path]

On Linux, it is recommended that you use the default inotify monitor, you can list available monitors by employing the -M or - list-monitors option:

fswatch -M
fswatch --list-monitors

fswatch - List Monitors

fswatch – List Monitors

The command below enables you to watch the changes in the current directory (/home/tecmint), with events being delivered to standard output every 4 seconds.

The -l or –-latency option allows you to set the latency in seconds, the default being 1 second.

fswatch -l 4 .

fswatch - Monitor Home Directory Changes

The next command monitors changes to the /var/log/auth.log file every 5 seconds:

fswatch -l 5 /var/log/auth.log

Using -t or --timestamp option prints the time stamp for every event, to print the time in UTC format, employ -u or --utf-time option. You can also format time using -f or --format-time format option:

fswatch --timestamp /var/log/auth.log

Next, -x or --event-flags tells fswatch to print the event flags alongside the event path. You can use the –event-field-seperator option to print events using the particular separator.

fswatch --events-flags ~ /var/log/auth.log

To print the numeric value of an event indicating changes in your home directory and /var/log/auth.log file, use -n or --numeric option as below:

fswatch --numeric ~ /var/log/auth.log

Perhaps you can look through the fswatch man page for detailed usage options and information:

man fswatch

Ref: fswatch - Tecmint